(iii) process needs such as elevation requirements with respect to connected process equipment and hold-down requirements for piping, (iv) anticipated loads such as the equipment static weight, and loads developed during erection, start-up, operation, shut-down, and maintenance, (v) erection needs such as limitations or constraints imposed by construction equipment, procedures, techniques, or the sequence of erection, (vi) operational needs such as accessibility, settlement limitations, temperature effects, and drainage, (vii) maintenance needs such as temporary access, lay-down space, in-plant crane capabilities, and equipment removal considerations, (viii) regulatory factors or building code provisions such as tied pile caps in seismic zones, (ix) economic factors such as capital cost, useful or anticipated life, and replacement or repair cost, (x) environmental needs such as secondary containment or special concrete coating requirements, and (xi) recognition that certain equipments, particularly big reciprocating compressors, rely on the foundation to add strength and stiffness which is not inherent in the structure of the equipment. The type, configuration, and installation of a foundation or support structure for dynamic equipment can depend on (i) site conditions such as soil characteristics, topography, seismicity, climate, and other effects, (ii) equipment base configuration such as frame size, cylinder supports, pulsation bottles, drive mechanisms, and exhaust ducts etc. Design of equipment foundation involves consideration of static and dynamic loads. It essentially consists of a mass of reinforced concrete. The super-structure of vibrating and rotating equipments is known as equipment foundation. When excessive, such vibrations can be detrimental to the equipments, its support system, and any operating personnel subjected to them. Heavy equipments with reciprocating, impacting, or rotating masses needs a support system which can resist dynamic forces and the resulting vibrations. Dead load, Dynamic load, Equipment foundation, Live load, Seismic load, Soil, Static load, Thermal load, Vibration isolation, Wind load ,.
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